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Treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) disease should include 2 effective drugs at all times, and at least 3 effective drugs in the intensive phase (ie, first 2 months of therapy).
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Most patients with TB disease should be initiated on a regimen of isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol until results of genotypic or phenotypic drug susceptibility are available. Therapy should be given daily for the first 2 months, then daily when feasible.
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Meaningful and culturally appropriate patient engagement, education and support are critical for achieving successful TB treatment.
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TB clinicians and programs should provide comprehensive, patient-centred care that uses incentives and enablers to ensure optimal treatment adherence.
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All jurisdictions should have capacity to provide daily, in-person, supportive care for people with TB. Support should be tailored to individual needs and may include directly observed therapy.
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Regardless of insurance coverage or immigration documentation, people with active TB should be provided with TB medications and appropriate treatment support free of charge.
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People at high risk for TB recurrence should be monitored for signs/symptoms of TB recurrence during the first 12-24 months post-therapy.
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Pulmonary function testing should be performed in all people completing therapy for pulmonary TB, given the high incidence of respiratory disease in people with TB.
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TB programs should ensure that people with TB are linked to a stable primary care provider before the end of TB treatment.
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